Security as central raptness

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1950s ~ 1960s: Withdrawal of colonial powers
  • Resulted in power vacuum

Situations that require regional areas to take security into considerations
  • Convergence on political outlook of member nations @ ASEAN's formation
  • Political problems that bring about neighborliness

1967: South-east Asia was an unstable region
  • '65, '66: Gen. Suharto took over presidency
  • Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation
  • Malaysia-Philippines dispute over Sabah
  • Vietnam War

ASEAN's central objective initially : To establish ASEAN Security Community

1971- Declaration of Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN)
  • Keep region insulated from big-power conflicts or manipulations
  • Cooperate in security matters

1971-TAC
  • Reaffirm support for ASEAN'S principles include:
  1. Peaceful settlement of disputes
  2. Non-interference in internal affairs

  • Set up a High Council of ministerial-level representatives
  1. Help conflicting parties settle disputes via offering suggestions
  2. Does not act like a regional Court, unlike the International Court of Justice

1976- Treaty of Amity & Cooperation in Southeast Asia
  • 1st ASEAN Summit

1980s- ASEAN explores concept of Southeast Asia being nuclear weapon-free zone
  • Several members found it difficult to adhere to the protocol of the treaty
  • Only signed such a treaty in 1995
-------->Treaty is still a vital component of ZOPFAN & ASEAN's structure of political & security cooperation

1992- Declaration on South China Sea- Demonstrates ASEAN's solidarity behind peaceful & constructive approaches towards:
  • 2002- Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea was signed by ASEAN & China
  • Conflicting territorial claims (among regional areas, especially with China

1993- Settlement of Cambodian conflict
  • ASEAN ministers decided that a new forum should be established
  • Cold War had recently ended
-------->Leads to formation of ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)

1994- ARF; countries involved:
  • ASEAN members
  • ASEAN's "consultative partners" -- China & Russia
  • Observers: Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam

Late 1990s- ASEAN admits four more members
  • 1995- Vietnam
  • 1997- Laos, Myanmar
  • 1999- Cambodia

Brunei, Nov. 2001- ASEAN + 3: Japan, South Korea & China
ASEAN's security policies remain @ diplomatic and political levels
  • No defence pacts/military alliances involved